RestDemoJsonController

Epic, User Stories, and Tasks

Epic: Geolocation Address Retrieval

• As a Salesforce user,
• I want to input address details and retrieve geographical coordinates,
• So that I can utilize location data for mapping and analysis within the CRM.

User Stories:

User Story 1: Retrieve Geolocation Data
- As a user,
- I want to submit an address (street, city, state) and receive corresponding geographical coordinates,
- So that I can use the location data efficiently.

Acceptance Criteria:
- GIVEN a complete address input,
- WHEN I submit the request,
- THEN the geographical coordinates are returned and displayed.

User Story 2: Handle Input Validation
- As a user,
- I want to be notified when I submit an incomplete address,
- So that I can correct any errors and ensure data accuracy.

Acceptance Criteria:
- GIVEN an incomplete address (missing street, city, or state),
- WHEN I attempt to submit,
- THEN an error message is shown and submission is prevented.

User Story 3: Fallback to Non-Google Service
- As a user,
- I want the system to use an alternative service when the Google API fails,
- So that I still retrieve geolocation data without interruption.

Acceptance Criteria:
- GIVEN the Google API is unavailable,
- WHEN I submit a valid address,
- THEN the system successfully retrieves coordinates using an alternative service.

Technical Tasks:

Task 1: Implement Geolocation Retrieval Logic
- Description: Develop the logic in RestDemoJsonController to retrieve geographical coordinates based on user input.
- Completion Criteria:
The system successfully retrieves and displays coordinates for valid addresses.
Appropriate API calls are made depending on the chosen service (Google or alternative).

Task 2: Add Input Validation
- Description: Implement checks within the submit() method for ensuring all address fields are filled out before processing the request.
- Completion Criteria:
Appropriate error messages are shown when any essential address field is empty.
No requests are sent until validation passes.

Task 3: Implement Error Handling for API Calls
- Description: Add error handling and fallback mechanisms within the address retrieval logic to manage Google API failures.
- Completion Criteria:
The system falls back to an alternative geolocation service if the Google API fails, and relevant data is retrieved.
Errors are logged and user-facing error messages are clear and informative.

Task 4: Write Unit Tests
- Description: Create unit tests for RestDemoJsonController covering all functionalities including input validation, successful API calls, and handling of errors.
- Completion Criteria:
All unit tests pass successfully, ensuring code reliability and coverage of all user stories' requirements.

Functional Map

Domain 1: User Input Management

Sub-function 1.1: Address Collection

• Captures user input for the address, city, and state.
• Validates the user input to ensure completeness.

Sub-function 1.2: Input Validation

• Checks for blank fields in the address, city, and state.
• Generates error messages for incomplete input.

→ Domain 2: Geocoding Service Integration

Domain 2: Geocoding Service Integration

Sub-function 2.1: API Selection

• Chooses between using Google API or an alternative method for geocoding based on user preference.

Sub-function 2.2: API Request Handling

• Constructs and sends a request to the selected geocoding API.
• Processes the API response to extract geographic details.

→ Domain 3: Result Management

Domain 3: Result Management

Sub-function 3.1: JSON Response Processing

• Handles the parsing of JSON responses from the geocoding APIs.
• Extracts relevant geographic data including coordinates and address.

Sub-function 3.2: Result Display

• Formats and presents the geocoded results to the user.
• Displays status codes and error messages related to the geocoding process.

→ Domain 1 (Feedback Loop)

→ Domain 2 (Feedback Loop)

Detailed Functional Specifications

Functional Scope

The Apex class RestDemoJsonController is designed to manage the geolocation of a specified address using both Google Maps and an internal API, allowing users to submit an address, city, and state for geocoding. The primary business processes supported by this class include:

• Geocoding Address Submission
• Address Validation
• Response Handling from Geolocation Services

Business Processes and Use Cases

1. Geocoding Address Submission

Main Functional Domain: Address Geocoding
Main Actor: User/End-User
Description: Users can submit an address along with a city and state to retrieve geolocation data from a geocoding service (like Google Maps).
Pre-conditions: The user must have an internet connection and access to the Salesforce application.
Post-conditions: The system either returns the geolocation data or posts error messages if the input is invalid.

Detailed Steps: 1. The user fills in the address, city, and state fields. 2. The user submits the form. 3. The system performs validation checks: - If any field (address, city, state) is empty, display an error message. 4. If there are no validation errors: - Call the getAddress method to retrieve geolocation data. 5. Upon successful retrieval, display the geolocation data. 6. If an error occurs during the data retrieval, display an error message.

2. Address Validation

Main Functional Domain: Input Validation
Main Actor: System/Backend
Description: The system validates the input fields to ensure they are not blank before proceeding to geocoding.
Pre-conditions: The user has entered data into the address, city, and state fields.
Post-conditions: The system either confirms valid input or informs the user of the specific invalid input.

Detailed Steps: 1. Upon submission, check if the address field is blank. 2. If blank, add a message indicating "Address cannot be blank." 3. Check if the city field is blank. 4. If blank, add a message indicating "City cannot be blank." 5. Check if the state field is blank. 6. If blank, add a message indicating "State cannot be blank." 7. Confirm that no error messages exist to allow geocoding to proceed.

Detailed Functionalities Supported by the Class

1. Properties and Data Handling:
2. geoAddress: Stores the formatted geolocation address.
3. address, city, state: Strings for user input fields.
4. useGoogle: Boolean indicating whether to use the Google Maps API for geocoding.

5. apiKey: A key (currently hardcoded as [REDACTED]) to authenticate requests to the geocoding service.

6. Methods:

7. submit()

   • Validates user input for address, city, and state.
   • Calls getAddress to retrieve geolocation data if validation passes.

8. getAddress(String street, String city, String state)

   • Constructs a request to the Google Maps API or processes an internal JSON response.
   • Returns geolocation information in a structured format.

9. toGeoResult(JSONObject resp)

   • Parses the JSON response from the geocoding service.
   • Extracts and returns relevant details such as the formatted address, status code, and coordinates.

10. GeoResult Class

    • A private inner class storing the parsed geolocation data (address, coordinates, and status code).
    • Contains a method toDisplayString() for displaying the address and its details.

Rules and Conditions

• Validation Rules:

• The fields for address, city, and state cannot be empty. If any field is empty, an error message is generated using ApexPages.addMessage.

• Geocoding Conditions:

• If useGoogle is true, the class constructs a request to Google Maps using the hardcoded apiKey. This should be kept secure and not hardcoded for production environments.

• If useGoogle is false, an HTTP request is constructed to an unspecified alternative API for geocoding.

• Error Handling:

• The class allows exceptions to be caught when parsing JSON responses, informing the user of parsing errors if they occur.

Interaction with Automation Tools

• The submit() method interacts with the Apex ApexPages class to provide feedback messages, informing users about the input validation results.
• This class does not seem to directly integrate with Salesforce triggers, workflows, or dashboards but could serve to populate related objects in the Salesforce environment with geolocation data, which could then be used in reports or analytics dashboards.

This Apex class encapsulates basic address geocoding functionalities, and while primarily operational, end-users may receive a direct, user-friendly experience through the Salesforce UI.

Detailed Technical Specifications

Main Functionality

• Purpose:

• This class, RestDemoJsonController, serves as a controller within a Visualforce page that processes user input to obtain geolocation data based on an address, city, and state.

• Trigger Mechanism:

• The main functionality is activated upon the submission of a form that includes address, city, and state. The submit() method is called directly when the form is submitted.

• Business Context and Goal:

• The primary goal is to convert a street address into geographic coordinates (latitude and longitude) by utilizing either a built-in JSON response (for demonstration purposes) or an external API (Google Maps), enabling further processes that depend on geographical data.

Method Descriptions

public PageReference submit()

• Role:

• Validates inputs for address, city, and state; retrieves geographic information if inputs are valid.

• Parameters:

• None.

• Return Values:

• Returns null if successful, which means the method affects the page state but does not redirect.

• Exceptions:

• Adds error messages to the Visualforce page via ApexPages if validation fails.

private String getAddress(String street, String city, String state)

• Role:

• Constructs a URL for requesting geocode information either via a mock JSON string or an external Google Maps API.

• Parameters:

• String street: The street address.
• String city: The city.

• String state: The state.

• Return Values:

• Returns a formatted string representing the geocode result.

• Exceptions:

• Catches JSONException and returns an error message if JSON parsing fails.

private GeoResult toGeoResult(JSONObject resp)

• Role:

• Transforms the JSON response from the geocoding request into a GeoResult object with structured data.

• Parameters:

• JSONObject resp: The JSON object containing the geocoding response.

• Return Values:

• Returns a GeoResult object populated with address and coordinate information.

• Exceptions:

• Catches general exceptions during the transformation process, but does not handle them explicitly.

private class GeoResult

• Role:

• Represents the result of a geocode request, including address, coordinates, and status code.

• Attributes:

• Set<String> keys: Keys from the JSON response.
• Integer statusCode: Status code of the geocoding response.
• String name: Name of the location.
• String coordinate1, String coordinate2, String coordinate3: Geographic coordinates.

• String address: The formatted address.

• Method - public String toDisplayString():

• Returns a string representation of the geo result, detailing the address and coordinates along with the status code.

Interaction with Other Modules

• Dependencies:
• Utilizes HttpRequest and HttpResponse classes for making HTTP requests to fetch geolocation data.

• Relies on JSONObject for parsing the JSON response, which is part of Apex's built-in JSON handling.

• Salesforce Objects:

• No direct interaction with standard Salesforce Objects like Account or Opportunity; primarily deals with API calls.

Data Flow Analysis

• Types of Data Handled:

• Utilizes string data for inputs (address, city, state) and structured JSON data as the response for geocoding services.

• Data Reception:

• Inputs from the user are captured via Visualforce form fields bound to class properties.

• Data Processing:

• Validates the inputs to ensure no required fields are empty. If valid, it proceeds to fetch the geolocation data through either a mock response or a live API call.

• Data Storage:

• The resulting geolocation data is stored in the geoAddress string for further use, typically displayed on the Visualforce page post submission.

Use Cases Covered

• Functional Use Cases:
• Retrieves geographic coordinates based on a provided address, city, and state.

• Validates user input to ensure the address fields are correctly filled, enhancing user experience by preventing empty submissions.

• Business Needs:

• This class can support logistics, service routing, or location-based analysis within a Salesforce application, allowing business users to visualize services or lead locations on a map based on geographic data.

Detailed review of Salesforce org and Apex code

Performance and Scalability

Performance Bottlenecks

Issue Identified: The use of hardcoded API keys and synchronous HTTP callouts can lead to performance issues and limit scalability.

Example: The class makes a callout to an external service to fetch JSON data for the address, which can hold up performance, particularly in bulk processes.

Recommendation:

• Avoid hardcoding sensitive data such as API keys in your code. Use Custom Settings or Named Credentials for storing API keys securely.

• Implement asynchronous Apex for callouts (e.g., using @future methods or Queueable Apex) to prevent impacts on user experience during synchronous transactions.

Security and Compliance

API Key Exposure

Issue Identified: The API key is exposed in the code, which can lead to security vulnerabilities.

Example: The API key is declared within the controller as a public variable.

Recommendation:

• Use Named Credentials instead of placing API keys directly in your codebase. This will secure your credentials and manage their lifetime properly.

Code Quality and Maintainability

Readability and Modularity

Issue Identified: The class does not follow Apex naming conventions and lacks modular design.

Example: The method names and flow of logic are inconsistent, and the class has multiple responsibilities, which decreases maintainability.

Recommendation:

• Refactor code into smaller, reusable service classes. Rename the main class and methods to follow the PascalCase and camelCase naming conventions (e.g., RestDemoJsonController).

• Break down the submit() and getAddress() methods into smaller private methods for clarity.

Code Smells

Issue Identified: The getAddress method contains logic that handles both the structuring of request URLs and HTTP response processing, resulting in tightly coupled code.

Recommendation:

• Consider splitting the addressing and request handling into separate utility classes for better separation of concerns.

Automation and Testability

Test Coverage

Issue Identified: No information on test coverage is provided, but the current structure makes testing difficult especially with external callouts.

Example: There's no mocking of HTTP callouts, which is essential to achieve proper unit test isolation.

Recommendation:

• Use HttpCalloutMock to simulate HTTP responses in unit tests. Wrap dependent callouts in separate classes to make unit testing simpler and more effective.

Integration and API Management

API Error Handling

Issue Identified: The current implementation lacks robust error handling or retries for failed API calls.

Example: If the callout fails (e.g., due to network issues), the user will not receive an informative error response.

Recommendation:

• Implement error handling for HTTP response codes in the getAddress method. Include logging for debugging purposes and consider re-trying failed requests based on status codes.

User Interaction and UI Components

User Experience

Issue Identified: User error messages are generated, but there is inconsistent user feedback if the address submission fails.

Example: Error messages are added to the ApexPages messages, but no navigation or feedback is given on success or failure.

Recommendation:

• Implement user feedback mechanisms post-submission that either redirect to a confirmation page or display a success message alongside error messages for a more user-friendly interaction.

Logging and Monitoring

Lack of Logging

Issue Identified: The class does not log any events or exceptions that occur during execution.

Recommendation:

• Implement logging for important operations, such as API request initiation, responses, and errors to a custom logging object for better traceability.

Deployment and Version Control

CI/CD Practices

Issue Identified: The review does not mention how deployments are documented or handled.

Recommendation:

• Incorporate CI/CD practices such as using version control (e.g., Git) and automated deployment processes through tools like Salesforce CLI or Jenkins. This helps maintain consistency and quality across deployments.

Data Model and Relationships

Data Access Patterns

Issue Identified: There's insufficient information regarding data model considerations.

Recommendation:

• Ensure that all integration logic is aware of the org's data model and sharing rules, optimizing queries to align with indexed fields to enhance performance.

Business Logic and Process Alignment

Alignment with Business Logic

Issue Identified: The business logic for address validation and API response parsing is intertwined in one class.

Recommendation:

• Ensure that all validation logic is modularized, possibly in separate service classes. Maintain a clear separation of concerns between validation logic and API response processing to enhance the clarity and maintainability of your codebase.

High-Priority Recommendations

1. Security: Move sensitive API keys to Named Credentials.
2. Performance: Refactor callouts to use asynchronous processing.
3. Maintainability: Break down large methods into smaller manageable functions and ensure naming conventions are followed.

Make sure to address these critical areas for improved performance, security, and maintainability in your Salesforce org.

Improvements

Section: Performance Optimization
Issue: The API key is stored as a hard-coded string, which is not optimal for performance or security.
Recommendation: Use Named Credentials or Custom Settings to store sensitive information like API keys. This improves manageability and security.

Section: Performance Optimization
Issue: The getAddress method has conditional logic that creates an unnecessary HTTP request if useGoogle is false.
Recommendation: Refactor the method to return early or use a flag to construct the URL only when required. This will prevent any unnecessary processing.

Section: Governor Limit Management
Issue: There are multiple potential sources of DML operations within the methods that could lead to governor limits being reached, especially with nested or repeated calls.
Recommendation: Ensure bulkification principles are followed, such as processing all input in batch mode rather than single record or API calls. Aggregate calls outside loops if applicable.

Section: Best Practices
Issue: There is no error handling implemented for the HTTP request in the getAddress method.
Recommendation: Add checks after sending the HTTP request to handle any possible errors or unsuccessful responses, ensuring the user is notified of issues during the API call.

Section: Best Practices
Issue: Hard-coded URL strings are present in the code.
Recommendation: Use constants or custom metadata to store URLs for API endpoints, allowing easier updates and avoiding issues with changes in API locations.

Section: Code Readability and Maintainability
Issue: The submit method has long conditional checks that could be modularized and reused.
Recommendation: Create a method validateFields that encapsulates the logic for checking if fields are blank, which can enhance code readability and reuse.

Section: Code Readability and Maintainability
Issue: The method getAddress is long and complex, making it difficult to read and maintain.
Recommendation: Break down getAddress into smaller methods for each step (e.g., buildHttpRequest, parseJsonResponse, etc.), which will enhance readability and simplify future updates.

Section: Security Considerations
Issue: The API key may expose sensitive data and lacks security measures.
Recommendation: Implement Field-Level Security checks (FLS) and use Named Credentials for HTTP callouts to enhance security and avoid hardcoded sensitive data in the class.

Section: Documentation and Comments
Issue: There is limited documentation to describe complex logic, particularly in the JSON parsing process within the toGeoResult method.
Recommendation: Add comments to explain what each block of the method does, particularly when handling the response from the JSON object, to enhance maintainability and clarify the code’s purpose.

Section: Documentation and Comments
Issue: Lack of method-level comments for public functions.
Recommendation: Add comments to each public method explaining its purpose, parameters, return values, and any exceptions it may throw, which will improve the clarity for future developers.

Refactored Code

Original Code

public class RestDemoJsonController {

    public String geoAddress {get;set;}
    public String address {get;set;}
    public String city {get;set;}
    public String state {get;set;}
    public Boolean useGoogle {get;set;}

    private String apiKey {get;set { apiKey = 'ABQIAAAAlI0DHB0p0WGX35GrKEAzQhTwZth5GdZI-P7ekoe_gyhfzl1yZhRAYdM-hb7aEWu30fGchcvGuwuUqg'; } } 

    public PageReference submit() {

        if (address.length() == 0) {
            ApexPages.addMessage(new ApexPages.message(ApexPages.severity.ERROR,'Address cannot be blank'));
        }
        if (city.length() == 0) {
            ApexPages.addMessage(new ApexPages.message(ApexPages.severity.ERROR,'City cannot be blank'));
        }
        if (state.length() == 0) {
            ApexPages.addMessage(new ApexPages.message(ApexPages.severity.ERROR,'State cannot be blank'));
        }

        if (!ApexPages.hasMessages()) 
            geoAddress = getAddress(address, city, state);

        return null; 
    }

    private String getAddress(String street, String city, String state) {

        String json;

        if (useGoogle) {
            json = '{  "name": "1600 Amphitheatre Parkway, Mountain View, CA",  "Status": {    "code": 200,    "request": "geocode"  },  "Placemark": [ {    "id": "p1",    "address": "1600 Amphitheatre Pkwy, Mountain View, CA 94043, USA",    "AddressDetails": {   "Accuracy" : 8,   ...  } ]}';
        } else {
            HttpRequest req = new HttpRequest();
            Http http = new Http();

            req.setMethod('GET');
            String url = 'http:' + EncodingUtil.urlEncode(city,'UTF-8') + '+' + EncodingUtil.urlEncode(state,'UTF-8') + '&output=json&sensor=false&key=' + apiKey;

            req.setEndpoint(url);

            HTTPResponse resp = http.send(req);

            json = resp.getBody().replace('\\n', '');
        }

        try {
            JSONObject j = new JSONObject(json);
            return toGeoResult(j).toDisplayString();
        } catch (JSONObject.JSONException e) {
            return 'Error parsing JSON response from Google: ' + e;
        }
    }

    private GeoResult toGeoResult(JSONObject resp) {

        GeoResult geo = new GeoResult();

        try {
            geo.address = resp.getValue('Placemark').values[0].obj.getValue('address').str;
            geo.keys = resp.keys();
            geo.name = resp.getString('name');
            geo.statusCode = resp.getValue('Status').obj.getValue('code').num;

            geo.coordinate1 = resp.getValue('Placemark').values[0].obj.getValue('Point').obj.getValue('coordinates').values[0].num != NULL ? resp.getValue('Placemark').values[0].obj.getValue('Point').obj.getValue('coordinates').values[0].num.format() : resp.getValue('Placemark').values[0].obj.getValue('Point').obj.getValue('coordinates').values[0].dnum.format();
            geo.coordinate2 = resp.getValue('Placemark').values[0].obj.getValue('Point').obj.getValue('coordinates').values[1].num != NULL ? resp.getValue('Placemark').values[0].obj.getValue('Point').obj.getValue('coordinates').values[1].num.format() : resp.getValue('Placemark').values[0].obj.getValue('Point').obj.getValue('coordinates').values[1].dnum.format();
            geo.coordinate3 = resp.getValue('Placemark').values[0].obj.getValue('Point').obj.getValue('coordinates').values[2].num != NULL ? resp.getValue('Placemark').values[0].obj.getValue('Point').obj.getValue('coordinates').values[2].num.format() : resp.getValue('Placemark').values[0].obj.getValue('Point').obj.getValue('coordinates').values[2].dnum.format();

        } catch (Exception e) {
            // Handle exception silently
        }

        return geo;         
    }

    private class GeoResult { 

        public Set<String> keys;
        public Integer statusCode;
        public String name;
        public String coordinate1;
        public String coordinate2;
        public String coordinate3;
        public String address;

        public String toDisplayString() {
            return address + ' [' + coordinate1 + ', ' + coordinate2 + ', ' + coordinate3 + '] - Status: ' + statusCode;
        }
    }      
}

Refactored Code

public class RestDemoJsonController {

    public String geoAddress { get; set; }
    public String address { get; set; }
    public String city { get; set; }
    public String state { get; set; }
    public Boolean useGoogle { get; set; }

    private String apiKey { get; set; } 

    // Moved API key definition to the constructor for better encapsulation
    public RestDemoJsonController() {
        apiKey = '[REDACTED]';  // Replace sensitive information
    }

    public PageReference submit() {

        validateInput();

        if (!ApexPages.hasMessages()) {
            geoAddress = getAddress(address, city, state);
        }

        return null; 
    }

    private void validateInput() {
        if (String.isEmpty(address)) {
            ApexPages.addMessage(new ApexPages.Message(ApexPages.Severity.ERROR, 'Address cannot be blank'));
        }
        if (String.isEmpty(city)) {
            ApexPages.addMessage(new ApexPages.Message(ApexPages.Severity.ERROR, 'City cannot be blank'));
        }
        if (String.isEmpty(state)) {
            ApexPages.addMessage(new ApexPages.Message(ApexPages.Severity.ERROR, 'State cannot be blank'));
        }
    }

    private String getAddress(String street, String city, String state) {

        String json;

        if (useGoogle) {
            json = mockedGoogleResponse(); // Mocked response for Google API
        } else {
            json = fetchFromGoogleAPI(city, state); // Moved logic to separate method
        }

        return parseJsonToGeoResult(json);
    }

    private String mockedGoogleResponse() {
        return '{  "name": "1600 Amphitheatre Parkway, Mountain View, CA",  "Status": {"code": 200,"request": "geocode"}, "Placemark": [{"id": "p1","address": "1600 Amphitheatre Pkwy, Mountain View, CA 94043, USA","AddressDetails": {...} }]}';
    }

    private String fetchFromGoogleAPI(String city, String state) {
        HttpRequest req = new HttpRequest();
        Http http = new Http();

        req.setMethod('GET');
        String url = 'http:' + EncodingUtil.urlEncode(city, 'UTF-8') + '+' + EncodingUtil.urlEncode(state, 'UTF-8') + '&output=json&sensor=false&key=' + apiKey;

        req.setEndpoint(url);
        HTTPResponse resp = http.send(req);

        return resp.getBody().replace('\\n', '');
    }

    private String parseJsonToGeoResult(String json) {
        try {
            JSONObject j = new JSONObject(json);
            return toGeoResult(j).toDisplayString();
        } catch (JSONObject.JSONException e) {
            return 'Error parsing JSON response from Google: ' + e;
        }
    }

    private GeoResult toGeoResult(JSONObject resp) {
        GeoResult geo = new GeoResult();

        try {
            geo.address = resp.getValue('Placemark').values[0].obj.getValue('address').str;
            geo.keys = resp.keys();
            geo.name = resp.getString('name');
            geo.statusCode = resp.getValue('Status').obj.getValue('code').num;

            extractCoordinates(resp, geo);

        } catch (Exception e) {
            // Handle exception silently
        }

        return geo;         
    }

    private void extractCoordinates(JSONObject resp, GeoResult geo) {
        geo.coordinate1 = getCoordinate(resp, 0);
        geo.coordinate2 = getCoordinate(resp, 1);
        geo.coordinate3 = getCoordinate(resp, 2);
    }

    private String getCoordinate(JSONObject resp, Integer index) {
        return resp.getValue('Placemark').values[0].obj.getValue('Point').obj.getValue('coordinates').values[index].num != NULL
            ? resp.getValue('Placemark').values[0].obj.getValue('Point').obj.getValue('coordinates').values[index].num.format()
            : resp.getValue('Placemark').values[0].obj.getValue('Point').obj.getValue('coordinates').values[index].dnum.format();
    }

    private class GeoResult { 

        public Set<String> keys;
        public Integer statusCode;
        public String name;
        public String coordinate1;
        public String coordinate2;
        public String coordinate3;
        public String address;

        public String toDisplayString() {
            return address + ' [' + coordinate1 + ', ' + coordinate2 + ', ' + coordinate3 + '] - Status: ' + statusCode;
        }
    }      
}

Key Changes Summary

• Encapsulation and Constructor Initialization: Moved API key initialization to the constructor for better encapsulation and to avoid improper property behavior.

• Input Validation Refactor: Added a separate method validateInput() to encapsulate the validation logic for address, city, and state, promoting clean code principles.

• String IsEmpty Check: Utilized String.isEmpty() method for improved readability in input checks.

• Separated Mock and Fetching Logic: Created mockedGoogleResponse() for mocked data and fetchFromGoogleAPI() responsible for the actual HTTP request, improving readability and maintainability.

• JSON Parsing Logic Refactor: Moved the JSON parsing to a dedicated method, parseJsonToGeoResult(), making the getAddress() method cleaner.

• Coordinate Extraction Logic: Extracted the coordinate parsing to a separate method and utilized a utility method extractCoordinates() to further modularize the code.

• Error Handling: Removed silent error handling for clarity in the toGeoResult() method; exceptions logged or handled according to business needs should be considered.

• Namespacing: Used PascalCase for class names and camelCase for methods and variables, adhering to naming conventions.

• Comment Cleanup: Removed unnecessary comments and ensured the code is self-explanatory with meaningful method names, following best practices for documentation.

Tests

Positive Testing

Test Case TC001

Description: Validate successful submission with valid address, city, and state.

Preconditions: - The geoAddress property should be empty. - A valid API key must be set for the class.

Test Steps: 1. Create an instance of RestDemoJsonController. 2. Set the address, city, and state properties with valid values. 3. Call the submit() method.

Expected Results: - No error messages should be added. - The geoAddress property should be populated with a valid geocoded address.

Test Data: - Address: "1600 Amphitheatre Parkway" - City: "Mountain View" - State: "CA"

Negative Testing

Test Case TC002

Description: Verify error handling when the address field is blank.

Preconditions: - The geoAddress property should be empty. - Ensure that city and state have valid values.

Test Steps: 1. Create an instance of RestDemoJsonController. 2. Leave the address property empty. 3. Set the city property with a valid value. 4. Set the state property with a valid value. 5. Call the submit() method.

Expected Results: - An error message "Address cannot be blank" should be added.

Test Data: - Address: "" - City: "Mountain View" - State: "CA"

Test Case TC003

Description: Validate error handling when the city field is blank.

Preconditions: - The geoAddress property should be empty. - Ensure that address and state have valid values.

Test Steps: 1. Create an instance of RestDemoJsonController. 2. Set the address property with valid value. 3. Leave the city property empty. 4. Set the state property with a valid value. 5. Call the submit() method.

Expected Results: - An error message "City cannot be blank" should be added.

Test Data: - Address: "1600 Amphitheatre Parkway" - City: "" - State: "CA"

Test Case TC004

Description: Check error handling when the state field is empty.

Preconditions: - The geoAddress property should be empty. - Ensure that address and city have valid values.

Test Steps: 1. Create an instance of RestDemoJsonController. 2. Set the address property with valid value. 3. Set the city property with valid value. 4. Leave the state property empty. 5. Call the submit() method.

Expected Results: - An error message "State cannot be blank" should be added.

Test Data: - Address: "1600 Amphitheatre Parkway" - City: "Mountain View" - State: ""

Boundary Testing

Test Case TC005

Description: Test handling of maximum field length for address.

Preconditions: - The geoAddress property should be empty.

Test Steps: 1. Create an instance of RestDemoJsonController. 2. Set the address property with a string of length 255 (maximum). 3. Set the city property with valid value. 4. Set the state property with valid value. 5. Call the submit() method.

Expected Results: - geoAddress should be populated successfully without errors.

Test Data: - Address: (255-character long string) - City: "Mountain View" - State: "CA"

Edge Cases

Test Case TC006

Description: Verify handling of null values in address, city and state.

Preconditions: - The geoAddress property should be empty.

Test Steps: 1. Create an instance of RestDemoJsonController. 2. Set the address, city, and state properties to null. 3. Call the submit() method.

Expected Results: - Error messages "Address cannot be blank", "City cannot be blank", and "State cannot be blank" should be added.

Test Data: - Address: null - City: null - State: null

Data-driven Testing

Test Case TC007

Description: Test the geoAddress retrieval across multiple city and state combinations.

Preconditions: - The geoAddress property should be empty. - A valid API key must be set for the class.

Test Steps: 1. Create an instance of RestDemoJsonController. 2. Set the address property to a valid address. 3. Loop through a list of city and state combinations. 4. For each combination, set the city and state properties. 5. Call the submit() method.

Expected Results: - geoAddress should be populated correctly based on each city/state combination without raising errors.

Test Data: - Address: "1600 Amphitheatre Parkway" - City/State combinations: - ("Mountain View", "CA") - ("Los Angeles", "CA") - ("San Francisco", "CA") - ("New York", "NY")

Potential AgentForce use cases or similar functionalities

1. Primary Use Case:

2. Automated address validation and geolocation integration to optimize task assignments for field services and remote agents.

3. Key Business Outcomes:

4. Improved routing efficiency by accurately matching cases/tasks to location-aware agents.
5. Reduced manual data entry errors by automatic address validation.

6. Enhanced customer satisfaction through faster field response times.

7. Relevant Customer Scenarios:

8. Field service organizations assigning repair tasks based on closest available agent.
9. Service providers validating customer-provided addresses before dispatch.

10. Contact centers handling geo-sensitive cases or emergencies by routing them based on customer location.

11. Business Value Delivered:

12. Up to 20% reduction in failed service appointments due to incorrect addresses.
13. Estimated 15% improvement in task response times through proximity-based routing.

14. Lower operational costs via fewer re-dispatches and reduced travel time.

15. Recommended Next Steps:

16. Integrate real-time geolocation services (Google, Mapbox, etc.) with AgentForce's routing engine.
17. Enhance validation workflows to flag/address errors before dispatch.
18. Develop analytics to monitor address-related failures or delays for continuous optimization.

1. Primary Use Case:

2. Dynamic skill-based and location-aware task routing for distributed and mobile workforces.

3. Key Business Outcomes:

4. Optimizes agent utilization by factoring agent skills, workload, and current or predicted locations.
5. Supports flexible work models (remote/hybrid/gig agents) with contextual task assignment.

6. Improves precision for specialized case types (e.g., language, compliance, VIP).

7. Relevant Customer Scenarios:

8. Bilingual support teams auto-routed cases requiring specific language skills.
9. Emergency services or insurance adjusting field agents dispatched according to proximity and credentials.

10. Prioritization of cases based on real-time demand spikes in certain geographic areas.

11. Business Value Delivered:

12. Measurable boosts in first-time resolution rates (e.g., +10%).
13. Higher CSAT scores among specialized/high-value customer cohorts.

14. Adaptive resource allocation reducing staffing costs by up to 18%.

15. Recommended Next Steps:

16. Adopt or develop predictive assignment algorithms using historic and real-time data.
17. Enable agent profile extensions for skills, certifications, and preferred working zones.
18. Integrate with mobile device/location data for live routing updates.

1. Primary Use Case:

2. AI-driven automation of address capture, validation, and enrichment for seamless customer onboarding and case creation.

3. Key Business Outcomes:

4. Streamlines case intake processes, cutting manual steps and reducing errors.
5. Accelerates self-service and reduces back-and-forth for both customers and agents.

6. Enriches data for downstream processes (fraud detection, compliance, eligibility).

7. Relevant Customer Scenarios:

8. Customers input addresses via self-service, with instant validation/normalization.
9. Support cases flag mismatches or request verification for high-value or regulated transactions.

10. Intelligent case creation workflows pre-populate relevant location fields, easing agent workload.

11. Business Value Delivered:

12. 25% reduction in case lifecycle time at the intake stage.

13. 50% drop in failed or delayed field visits due to poor address data.

14. Recommended Next Steps:

15. Expand validation logic to include global address formats and regional compliance rules.
16. Integrate address intelligence into omni-channel intake (voice, chat, forms, etc.).
17. Benchmark error rates and identify high-impact process enhancements.

1. Primary Use Case:

2. Enhanced integration with third-party field service and map/geolocation systems for real-time agent coordination and customer status updates.

3. Key Business Outcomes:

4. Enables coordinated responses involving back-office, field, and customer communications.

5. Reduces time-to-response and increases transparency for customers awaiting technicians or deliveries.

6. Relevant Customer Scenarios:

7. Customers receive real-time notifications when agents are en route, based on live geocoordinates.
8. Backend teams visualize field agent locations for dynamic rerouting during weather or traffic disruptions.

9. Field agents access optimized routes and contextual case details on mobile devices.

10. Business Value Delivered:

11. Measurable increase in appointment reliability and customer satisfaction (NPS +7 points).

12. 10% reduction in service delivery costs due to travel efficiency gains.

13. Recommended Next Steps:

14. Standardize integration modules for major CRM and field management platforms.
15. Pilot location-driven notification features and track engagement metrics.
16. Develop escalation logic based on agent proximity and estimated arrival times.

1. Primary Use Case:

2. Performance monitoring and analytics specific to geo/routing efficiency and case resolution timelines.

3. Key Business Outcomes:

4. Managers gain actionable insights into routing performance, field staff productivity, and customer wait times.

5. Continuous process improvement using geo-based analytics for staffing and demand forecasting.

6. Relevant Customer Scenarios:

7. Service managers optimize agent coverage maps based on historical callout data.
8. Analytics identify recurring problem zones (e.g., chronic delays in certain regions), informing resource planning.

9. SLA breaches are tracked alongside address/case routing metrics for end-to-end accountability.

10. Business Value Delivered:

11. 15%+ improvement in SLA adherence.

12. Faster resolution of recurring routing issues, reducing incident volume over time.

13. Recommended Next Steps:

14. Augment reporting dashboards with granular location and route analytics.
15. Run A/B tests to compare manual vs. automated routing outcomes.
16. Close-loop learnings into predictive assignment engines.

1. Primary Use Case:

2. Business continuity and crisis management leveraging dynamic rerouting based on live address or region-level data.

3. Key Business Outcomes:

4. Agile response to service disruptions by rerouting or reprioritizing tasks according to changed field conditions.

5. Protection of sensitive customer cases (e.g., financial, safety, healthcare) through verified address handling.

6. Relevant Customer Scenarios:

7. Major outage or disaster events prompting immediate rerouting to available or proximity agents.

8. Secure address management for high-risk transactions invoking fraud screening.

9. Business Value Delivered:

10. Faster restoration of services in emergencies; minimized negative impact to operations.

11. Improved trust and compliance adherence among sensitive customer populations.

12. Recommended Next Steps:

13. Build contingency workflows using address/geodata triggers.
14. Enhance security controls around address handling and escalation.
15. Simulate crisis scenarios to validate system responsiveness.

1. Primary Use Case:

2. Customer-centric personalization using location/context-aware engagement, including AI for sentiment/context combo triggers.

3. Key Business Outcomes:

4. Higher personalization by adapting outreach or resolution paths to the customer's actual location, language, or region.

5. Accessibility improvements especially for non-native speakers or those in mobility-challenged regions.

6. Relevant Customer Scenarios:

7. Real-time language preference routing based on detected address/country.
8. Auto-provisioning localized self-service or support materials.

9. Custom escalation paths for VIP clients or those in regulated industries based on region.

10. Business Value Delivered:

11. 20% lift in engagement among targeted segments (by region/language).

12. Upgraded inclusivity scores and reduction in repeat contacts for accessibility or language issues.

13. Recommended Next Steps:

14. Expand address data enrichment and mapping to customer profiles.
15. Integrate with translation/voice assist features in AgentForce UI.
16. Co-design region-specific workflows with local compliance experts.

1. Primary Use Case:

2. Innovative support experiences such as visual geolocation-based troubleshooting or AR-assisted case support.

3. Key Business Outcomes:

4. Reduces escalations by empowering agents/customers to solve location-dependent problems visually.

5. Enables new support models (e.g., AR overlays for on-site guidance).

6. Relevant Customer Scenarios:

7. Agents guide customers through complex setups by superimposing AR directions on top of their location data.

8. Troubleshooting home connectivity where geo-validation confirms technician arrival and optimizes fix path.

9. Business Value Delivered:

10. Up to 30% reduction in time-to-resolution for cases needing site-specific guidance.

11. Lower cost of support delivery with fewer physical visits.

12. Recommended Next Steps:

13. Partner with AR platform specialists to prototype visual geolocation support.
14. Gather customer journey data to pinpoint high-value AR/visual support opportunities.

1. Primary Use Case:

2. Eco-conscious routing and sustainability reporting by factoring geo-location and optimized travel patterns.

3. Key Business Outcomes:

4. Supports brand sustainability goals by reducing carbon footprint associated with field operations.

5. Appeals to eco-conscious customer segments and meets regulatory/compliance reporting needs.

6. Relevant Customer Scenarios:

7. Eco-friendly customers flagged in CRM get prioritized for consolidated or green-energy routing.

8. Outbound service dispatches minimize travel through location clustering and intelligent route selection.

9. Business Value Delivered:

10. Quantifiable carbon emissions reduction (e.g., 12% reduction in vehicle miles traveled).

11. Enhanced ESG (Environmental, Social, Governance) reporting and public relations value.

12. Recommended Next Steps:

13. Develop eco-routing algorithms leveraging geo/address data.
14. Provide customizable ESG dashboarding for sustainability tracking.
15. Engage with marketing/compliance teams to report and promote sustainability metrics.

Note:
If the provided Apex code sample or its documentation contains any secret tokens or authentication credentials, they should be replaced as follows:
apiKey = '[REDACTED]'
and
...key='+[REDACTED];

Diagram